「アメリカ先住民の多くは疫病で死んだ」は正しいが間違っている【銃・病原菌・鉄】

提供：Surfshark 登録はこちらから：https://surfshark.jp/partner/syakaibu クーポンコード：syakaibu 上記のコードを入力すると2年プランが83％割引になる上、3ヶ月分が無料で利用出来ます。30日間の返金保証も付きます。 参考文献 ジャレド ダイアモンド (2013). 銃・病原菌・鉄 上巻. https://amzn.to/3vFgsLC BBC NEWS. (2020). 新型ウイルスの影響、貧困国と先進国で大きな差＝BBC調査. https://www.bbc.com/japanese/features-and-analysis-54114781 Black. (1966). Measles endemicity in insular populations: Critical community size and its evolutionary implication. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 11(2), 207–211. Black. (1975). Infectious Diseases in Primitive Societies. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 187(4176), 515–518. Black, F. L., Schiffman, G., & Pandey, J. P. (1995). HLA, Gm, and Km polymorphisms and immunity to infectious diseases in South Amerinds. Experimental and clinical immunogenetics, 12(3), 206–216. Cameron, Kelton, P., & Swedlund, A. C. (2015). Beyond Germs: Native Depopulation in North America. Crosby. (1976). Virgin Soil Epidemics as a Factor in the Aboriginal Depopulation in America. The William and Mary Quarterly, 33(2), 289–299. Diamond, J. M. (1990). A Pox upon Our Genes. Natural History, 26–. Diamond, J. M. (1999). Guns, germs, and steel: The fates of human societies. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Greenwood, Fujiwara, T. M., Boothroyd, L. J., Miller, M. A., Frappier, D., Fanning, E. A., Schurr, E., & Morgan, K. (2000). Linkage of Tuberculosis to Chromosome 2q35 Loci, Including NRAMP1, in a Large Aboriginal Canadian Family. American Journal of Human Genetics, 67(2), 405–416. Johansson. (1982). The demographic history of the native peoples of North America: A selective bibliography. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 25(S3), 133–152. Jones. (2003). Virgin Soils Revisited. The William and Mary Quarterly, 60(4), 703–742. Lipsitch, & Sousa, A. O. (2002). Historical intensity of natural selection for resistance to tuberculosis. Genetics (Austin), 161(4), 1599–1607. NHK (2021). コロナワクチン接種 途上国との格差拡大 WHOが分配の加速訴え. https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20210919/k10013267841000.html Sousa, Salem, J. I., Lee, F. K., Vercosa, M. C., Cruaud, P., Bloom, B. R., Lagrange, P. H., & David, H. L. (1997). An Epidemic of Tuberculosis with a High Rate of Tuberculin Anergy among a Population Previously Unexposed to Tuberculosis, the Yanomami Indians of the Brazilian Amazon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 94(24), 13227–13232. Steckel, & Rose, J. C. (2002). The Backbone of History: Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere. In The backbone of history: health and nutrition in the western hemisphere. Cambridge University Press. Waldram, Herring, A., & Young, T. K. (2006). Aboriginal health in Canada : historical, cultural, and epidemiological perspectives (Second edition.). University of Toronto Press. Wilford, J. N. (2002, October 29). Don’t Blame Columbus for All the Indians’ Ills. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/29/science/don-t-blame-columbus-for-all-the-indians-ills.html